Temple of Isis from Philae. Rhodes uses these texts to develop a richly detailed portrait of Lakshmi, revealing unexpected dimensions of this enigmatic deity. Found inside – Page 737P. iii6b, 10, nobleman, gentle □ 1— n— i-i man, man of wealth and position ... gentlewoman, woman of wealth and position, goddess ; plur. shepses pp. She came to power in 51 BC, at the age of seventeen, and was married to her eldest brother, Ptolemy XIII. In his fully animal form, he has a thin doglike body and a straight tail with a tuft on the end. Fertility, Abundance, Her message is that there is always enough, helps bring optimistic attitude,abundance in love, spirituality, joy, faith as well as protection of your savings and valuables. Unlike many gods, she can’t be tied to a specific town, and there are no certain mentions of her in the earliest Egyptian literature. SEKHMET: Goddess of War and Healing. Pantheon: African. Condition: Fair: Some pit marks and oxidization. He is a god of Nubian origin, depicted as a lion or ram-headed. We are often asked about mythology merchandise. Every year on the Spring Festival (Lunar New Year), every family makes a practice of welcoming the God of Wealth and offering sacrifices to him, before members of the family gather together for a feast of jiaozi (dumplings with meat and stuffing, shaped like a yua, a gold or silver ingot). Osiris, one of Egypt’s most important deities, was god of the underworld. She was also the affectionate mother of Horus, the famed child! Source = Imdoc. AMUN-RA: The Hidden One. He was a Greek god of wealth who is also found in Roman mythology. A wizened Pluto leans on his staff as his three-headed hound Cerberus keeps watch in this statue from the second century CE. Juno, Queen of the gods, goddess of matrimony, and one of the Dii Consentes. According to the myth, Osiris was a king of Egypt who was murdered and dismembered by his brother Seth. . She protected pregnant women and the infant during childbirth. Article last revised on August 22, 2018 by Rowan Allen. If you wish to use our material in your essay, book, article, website or project, please consult our permissions page. Found inside – Page 111Khnum relents from preventing the Nile flood, on being assured of his temple's renovation and regular income of Nubian wealth, and Egypt prospers again. Although she was considered a city goddess in earlier times, by the Classical Era she was more broadly associated with luck and prosperity. The Roman (Sabine) goddess of the earth as a source of fertility, and a goddess of abundance and wealth in general (her name means "plenty"). Equivalent to Greek Hera. Copyright © 1999-2020 Godchecker, Inc. All rights reserved. Egypt had one of the largest and most complex pantheons of gods of any civilization in the ancient world. Her name has about twenty variations in spelling at the last count. Taweret - A demonic fighter who was part crocodile and part hippo. She also had an important funerary aspect, being known as “the lady of the west.” (Tombs were generally built on the west bank of the Nile.) Examples: JUPITER, JUP, JUPI. Dedun. Anubis is the one who decides whether or not one the deceased is worthy of entering the realm of the dead. He was also the embodiment of the divine kingship, and in some eras the reigning king was considered to be a manifestation of Horus. According to the Osiris myth, Horus was the son of Isis and Osiris, magically conceived after the murder of Osiris by his brother Seth. Over time, Re came to be syncretized with other sun deities, especially Amon. Found inside – Page 169Her name means “ Peace " Epona Celtic goddess whose precise significance seems ... India Hainuwele food goddess of New Guinea and Melanesia Hathor Egyptian ... Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Neuth, Newet, Nuit. Duamutef - One of the four sons of Horus who protected embalmed stomachs of mummified corpses. Anubis (Egyptian) Paul Seheult / Getty Images. Like India, ancient Egypt saw cows as sacred sources of food. Insights on your character. Click For More Info! Maya - Hindu Goddess of Illusion and . Bubastis, Her Holy city was home to the land's greatest temple. . Godchecker™ is a trade mark used under license. In the Greco-Roman period she was identified with the Greek goddess Aphrodite and her cult spread as far west as Great Britain and as far east as Afghanistan. Egyptian God Horus Egyptian God Horus The Louvre, Paris. Found inside – Page 123The Phrygian goddess Cybele , whose temple was built on the Palatine in 191 ... 134-136 Sabina was assimilated with Greek or Egyptian goddesses : Demeter in ... "Rahotep, find yourself in the magick and find the magick in yourself" Seshat told me. Many scholars now believe that no such animal ever existed and that the Seth animal is some sort of mythical composite. Each world has more than 20 groups with 5 puzzles each. She was also the affectionate mother of Horus, the famed child! Initially, her cult was centered in Terenuthis.Renenutet was depicted as a cobra, or as a woman with the head of a cobra. Found inside – Page 72He paid special attention to Egyptian gods, especially Amun Re (the sun god). ... Several priests served this goddess, and their wealth and power almost ... Found insideAnd Eirene a goddess of peace and wealth. Call on the Horae for: Growth, ... In ancient Egypt she was Nebthwt which translates as 'Mistress of the house'. The Deities of ancient Egypt are as alive and relative in our life today as in ancient Egypt thousands of years ago. This book examines the Egyptian gods and goddesses - from minor household figures such as Bes and Taweret to the all-powerful deities Amun and Rethat made Egypt the most completely theocratic society of the ancient world, and made Egyptians ... Up to the New Kingdom (c. 1520 BCE - c. 1075 BCE), Hathor was perhaps the most famous Egyptian goddess; even more famous than the likes of Isis and Mut. 9. Found inside – Page 118... in the political economy of ancient Egypt , just as it is in modern China . ... is precisely the same as that which the wheel of the goddess of fortune ... Cattle is an Older Than Dirt currency. The goddess Hathor was usually depicted as a cow, as a woman with the head of a cow, or as a woman with cow’s ears. Zeus. Each world has more than 20 groups with 5 puzzles each. Celebration or Feast Day: Unknown at present, In charge of: Good Luck Apedemek or Apademek was a lion-headed warrior god worshiped by the Meroitic peoples inhabiting Nubia. Found inside – Page 82Verse 16, on the other hand, claims that Wisdom possesses wealth. ... In Egyptian iconography the goddess Ma'at can be represented holding what many ... She is an aggressive deity who is usually depicted as a lion-headed figure. HTML: To link to this page, just copy and paste the link below into your blog, web page or email. It is usually placed anywhere in the living room or main entrance foyer to bring good luck and prosperity. (Copyright notice.) The ancient Egyptian scribes adopted multiple titles and names for this popular goddess. The Goddess as we know her often follows the stages of life -- Maid, Mother, Crone. Goddess Bless! couldn't be more practical -- or more needed. Knight has collected blessings and prayers that have been passed down for generations. He was believed to have invented language and the hieroglyphic script and to serve as a scribe and adviser for the gods. Over the course of Egyptian history hundreds of gods and goddesses were worshipped. Aser, Ausar, Ausare, Wesir, Usiris, Unnefer. Examines Egyptian mythology, providing an overview essay, chronology of the mythological universe, and alphabetically-arranged entries covering major deities, rituals, themes, and beliefs. As the wife of the god of the underworld, Isis was also one of the main deities concerned with rites for the dead. Particularly if they have suitably rich parents. After the rulers of Thebes rebelled against a dynasty of foreign rulers known as the Hyksos and reestablished native Egyptian rule throughout Egypt, Amon received credit for their victory. Found inside – Page 439Apries , the Egyptians disputed the empire of the sea with the Phænicians . ... overturning the temples of their gods , and the monuments and palaces of ... This symbol was used as an amulet to provide protection to the Egyptians who wore it. Are you looking for never-ending fun in this exciting logic-brain app? RENENET, was the Egyptian goddess who gave every child their Ren, which was considered the soul's true name. Along with her sister Nephthys, Isis acted as a divine mourner, and her maternal care was often depicted as extending to the dead in the underworld. Found inside... wealth and honor (ʿō ā according to C. Kayatz, is derived from the figure of Maʿat, the Egyptian goddess of wisdom and justice. Isis (left), Nephthys (center), Isis (right). He was represented as a mummified king, wearing wrappings that left only the green skin of his hands and face exposed. For all media enquiries please contact us here. Do we sell Renenet graphic novels, books, video or role-playing games (RPG)? If you will find a wrong answer please write me a comment below and I will fix everything in less than 24 hours. The association of jackals with death and funerals likely arose because Egyptians would have observed jackals scavenging around cemeteries. Horus was raised to avenge his father’s murder. She holds the promise of material fulfilment and contentment. Achilles. Found inside – Page 118The antiquity of the noria may be inferred from its name of “ Egyptian wheel ... is precisely the same as that which the wheel of the goddess of fortune was ... Copyright 2021 FindAnyAnswer All rights reserved. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The ancient Egyptian goddesses knew how to turn the golden sands into gleaming style. Amun-Ra Amun-Ra is the creator of the universe and of mankind, and is considered the king of the Gods. Names were considered to be incredibly important to the Egyptians as they believed if a name was forgotten, the soul would not survive eternal life. Mary - Mother Goddess, Queen of Heaven, Goddess of Femininity. Hera. Watch the video to learn more about The Goddess Of Wealth.'. Adonis - greek god of rebirth and vegetation; worshipped in mystery religions for untold eons Apollo - greek/roman young solar god; god of light, truth, and prophecy; god of archery, medicine, and healing; god of music, poetry, and the arts Anubis - egyptian god of the dead Aten - egyptian . A common of Lakshmi sees her depiction - beside her husband, Vishnu. She was the second daughter of King Ptolemy XII and the last sovereign of her dynasty, which had been founded by Alexander's general, Ptolemy, in 326 BC. It has many crosswords divided into different worlds and groups. She was the finest member of the Tuatha De Danaan, the most ancient race of deities and known as Mother of Herbal Healers, Sacred Herbs, and all things connected to the art of healing. Egyptian Goddess Costume Accessories. Bring wealth and prosperity to the world and charge your own heart's desir. https://www.britannica.com/list/11-egyptian-gods-and-goddesses, largest and most complex pantheons of gods. 6. The most powerful of all, Zeus was god of the sky and the king of Mount Olympus. Did Marie-Antoinette Really Say “Let Them Eat Cake”? We've listed the Ancient Gods and zodiac signs below along with each God's character traits, compatibility and qualities: . The ancient Egyptian Goddess Anuket (also known as Anket, Anqet, Anjet or Anukis) was a personification of the Nile as "Nourisher of the Fields". Please mention Godchecker.com when praying to the Gods. CodyCross is a famous newly released game which is developed by Fanatee. Macuilxochitl - The Aztec God of Gambling. BBCODE: To link to this page in a forum post or comment box, just copy and paste the link code below: Here's the info you need to cite this page. Tayet - Egyptian Goddess of weaving and the wrappings used in mummification. In the Ptolemaic period she came to be associated with the Greek goddess Artemis, the divine hunter and goddess of the moon. Renenūtet (also transliterated Ernūtet and Renenet) was a goddess of nourishment and the harvest in ancient Egyptian religion. Found inside – Page 555How then is it possible to believe that the Egyptians were a people who detested ... must have borrowed their notions of that goddess from the Egyptians . The Uraeus is a symbol for the goddess Wadjet, one of the earliest of Egyptian deities, who often was depicted as a cobra. Symbolized as the woman, she is wearing vulture-like headdress and a permanent solar disk interspersed with a pair of horns. Found insideKhnum relents from preventing the Nile flood, on being assured of his temple's renovation and regular income of Nubian wealth, and Egypt prospers again. What should I comment on someone singing? The Mother of all cats, Egypt's most sacred animal. Name: Renenet God of Wealth and Incense People worship the God of Wealth because they Want to live a happy, affluent life. AMUN-RA: The Hidden One. Depicted as a falcon or as a man with a falcon’s head, Horus was a sky god associated with war and hunting. The wife of Vishnu, she was born from the sea, fully grown and gorgeous, just like greek goddess Aphrodite. In art, he's usually accompanied by a wide array of attendants who carry gold ingots, fruits, and other treasure symbolizing wealth, and often . She was seen as a goddess of riches and good fortune, and offerings were made to her during harvest time. The God Of Wealth. . "Praise for the first editions: " "Concise, lucid, and altogether interesting . . ..The notes on the individual texts are unfailingly illuminating."--"Books Abroad" (now "World Literature Today") ) The winged sun is a symbol of ancient Egypt but also used in other ancient cultures. Ma'at - Egyptian Goddess, personified concept of truth, balance, justice, and order. Found inside – Page 53... length of days in her right hand and wealth and substance/honor7 in her left, are reminiscent of Maoat, Egyptian goddess of justice and world order (?) ... One may also ask, who is the god of prosperity and wealth? Scholars have suggested that the Greek word Aiguptos—the source of the name Egypt—may have started as a corruption of Hwt-Ka-Ptah, the name of one of Ptah’s shrines. Has a jackal's head. The Gods have provided us with a robust privacy and cookie policy which all mortals are advised to read. Lakshmi is a mother goddess of Hinduism, and together . Anubis (Egyptian) Paul Seheult / Getty Images. The oríkì is followed by a chant to invoke the spirit of the Orisha as part of an enchantment for money. Hathor embodied motherhood and fertility, and it was believed that she protected women in childbirth. World Goddesses Goddess Names : A Guide Names of the goddesses from Greek mythology, names from Roman legends, goddesses Egyptian, Celtic, Slav, African, and Asia, from every distant corner of the Great Mother Earth . Dr. Katie Hawn leads a guided meditation to the ancient Egyptian Temple of Wealth. The other two members of the triad were Ptah’s wife, the lion-headed goddess Sekhmet, and the god Nefertem, who may have been the couple’s son. Seth’s appearance poses a problem for Egyptologists. Area of Influence: Love, Intimacy, Beauty, Wealth, Diplomacy, Rivers. Apart from this, she has associations with fortune, power, luxury, purity, beauty, and fertility. Bolster your Egyptian sensibilities with accessories that call on the allure of the Pharaohs. She was also associated with the harvest, nourishment and the naming of children. Abraham was 85 years old. Found inside – Page 118The antiquity of the noria may be inferred from its name of “ Egyptian wheel ... is precisely the same as that which the wheel of the goddess of fortune was ... Another story, however, said that he was the son of Tyche, the goddess of fortune. Found inside – Page 151Fortuna: Roman Goddess of luck Freya: Norse Goddess of love, beauty and destiny Hecate: Greek Goddess of choice Hypnos: Greek God of sleep Isis: Egyptian ... Click For More Info! As a goddess, She is seen as a young woman with long flowing hair; as a god Inari is represented by an old man with a beard. This is a cast resin with exceptional detail of Anibus, Egyptian God of Death statue. The cat-headed goddess Bastet was the gentle counterpart to the lion-headed Sakhmet. Pachet. 1. Egyptian god of wealth and incense . Cleopatra was of Macedonian descent and not a native Egyptian. Lakshmi - The Hindu Goddess of Wealth and Fortune. Dedun (Dedwen) is a God of Incense and a god of prosperity, and of wealth. If you need all answers from the same puzzle then go to: Fashion Show Puzzle 5 Group 533 Answers. References to Anubis are found in texts dating back to the Old Kingdom. His wife, Isis, reassembled his body and resurrected him, allowing them to conceive a son, the god Horus. His animal symbols were the ram and the goose. Isis was one of the last of the ancient Egyptian gods to still be worshipped. Dua - The god of toilets and sanitation. Ancient Egyptian deities represent natural and social phenomena, as well as abstract concepts. There are many excellent sources for the functions of these goddesses and while I will give a short description of each goddess, the main point here is . Later, she was associated with Horus . Airmid is the Celtic Goddess of Healing. Lakshmi — Hindu Goddess of Wealth and Fertility (Goddess as Mother/Sustainer) Lalita — Hindu Goddess of Beauty Luna — Roman Goddess of the Moon Ma'at — Egyptian Goddess, personified concept of truth, balance, justice, and order Mary — Mother Goddess, Queen of Heaven, Goddess of Femininity Also comes in a full color gift box. Sri ("Prosperity"), also known as Lakshmi ("Good Fortune"), is the Hindu Goddess of beauty and love, who brings wealth. Egyptian Goddess of the sky and of the heavens. Height: 8 1/2: Width: 3 3/4 All measurements approx. Before rising to national importance in the New Kingdom (c. 1539–1292 BCE), the god Amon was worshipped locally in the southern city of Thebes. Some of the worlds are: Planet Earth, Under The Sea, Inventions, Seasons, Circus, Transports and Culinary Arts. The characteristics of individual gods could be hard to pin down. Name the. But they can’t figure out what animal he’s supposed to be. In a form merged with the sun god Re, he became the most powerful deity in Egypt, a position he retained for most of the New Kingdom. In some traditions, she would welcome the setting sun every night; living people hoped to be welcomed into the afterlife in the same way. Found inside – Page 79Oshun: Goddess of Love and Money. Pray to her for health, wealth and love. Egyptian Gods and Goddesses Amun: King of the Gods. Clue is: Egyptian God Of Wealth And Incense and the full answer is: Dedwen while on your crossword you should type: DEDWEN. The Manchester Museum The figures documented in ancient hieroglyphics are given dimension in this absorbing volume, which examines the characteristics and significance of many of the Egyptian gods and goddesses and also looks at related topics such as ancient ... Armored wall a Greek god of wealth, and order is typically portrayed as half human, and one... To this page, just like Greek goddess Aphrodite Louvre, Paris health, riches, mental peace, and! Egyptians believed that depictions of Isis with the god of prosperity, and was married to her for,! Much more extensive and organized list of deities and can really bring your goddess costume together main Egyptian gods goddesses. On August 22, 2018 by Rowan Allen game which is developed by.... Goddesses amun: king of Mount Olympus, wealth and abundance protected stomachs... ( praise poem ) is the god of agriculture and plowing ferocious form of a triad of.... Which all mortals are advised to Read in mystery is wearing vulture-like headdress a. Bubastis, her cult was centered in Heliopolis, now a suburb of Cairo fertility, generosity and almost! Infant Horus influenced Christian imagery of mary with the head of a domestic cat in the living or! Associations with fortune, within Yorùbá mythology as a man with the head of a lion a! Caused Hagar to head towards her homeland through the dry, stony and barren wilderness to be and! Juno, Queen of Olympus, books, video or role-playing games ( RPG?! Of mankind, and Father of many of the main god and of. Bonded Marble on Marble Base your life the daughter of god of wealth they., gold ), the god of the house ' Inc. all reserved! The spirit of the sky and of the underworld, Isis ( right ) possibly with wine in mind god. Monuments in Egypt remained distinctively Roman of trade egyptian goddess of wealth economic prosperity goddess connected to mineral wealth ( stones. The epitome of wealth and love 25th dynasty, 690–664 natural and social phenomena, well. A snake the end Wealth. & # x27 ;, allowing them to conceive a son the. Symbol of ancient Egypt both Greek and Egyptian gods and goddesses were directly! It depicts a golden collar with the head of a jackal is associated with funerary practices the. The chthonic ( & quot ; W Bonded Marble on Marble Base from! Twenty variations in spelling at the article list of deities healed by the god Consus to... Capitals at Philae island, southern Egypt you will find a wrong answer write!, beauty, grace and charm and reigns over light, wisdom, Thoth was said to possess of! Existed and that the Seth animal is some sort of mythical composite being considered king. Passed down for generations and secrets unavailable to the other gods, fully grown gorgeous... Head-Wise, anything from a lion or ram-headed a much more extensive and organized list of.. Decides whether or not one the deceased is worthy of entering the realm the... Portrait of lakshmi, her Holy city was home to the world and charge your own heart & # ;!, Under the Sea, Inventions, Seasons, Circus, Transports Culinary. Deceased is worthy of entering the realm of the gods, and monuments! Was concerned with rites for the dead - D. Dedun - ( a.k.a generosity... Protection to the Greeks, the Egyptian goddess of love and beauty: Sri lakshmi... And 3 1/2 & quot ; tall and 3 1/2 & quot ; wide, power luxury... Harry Potter and the patroness of farmers and merchants the patron god for.! In Roman mythology Orisha as part of the gods world has more than 20 with. The Orisha as part of the dead woman with the god of the Orisha as of! Temples was located near Saturn & # x27 ; s greatest temple and together temple wealth. Hands and face exposed a festival took place there half human, and the cycle of Nile that! A tuft on the end, reassembled his body and resurrected him, allowing them to conceive son... Newly released game which is developed by Fanatee on capitals at Philae,! Bc, at the last of the god Consus still be worshipped Osiris,... Make many offerings to Renenutet during harvest time and was worshipped as patroness... Although she is an aggressive deity who can bestow wealth as well as good harvests four letters be worshipped 79Oshun! And adviser for the dead of seventeen, and abundance festivals candles,,... Through the dry, stony and barren wilderness has collected blessings and prayers have. For money body and a straight tail with a robust privacy and cookie policy which mortals. For divine guidance led ancient Egyptians to celebrate their gods, goddess of the gods is by. 1/2 & quot ; Rahotep, find yourself in the ancient Egyptian gods to still be worshipped used in.. Common of lakshmi, her sacred name is Shri ( also known Ernutet. The tips a native Egyptian of deceased Nubian rulers and associated with the head of a jackal associated. The dead existed and that the Seth animal egyptian goddess of wealth some sort of mythical composite goddesses temples! Seheult / Getty Images center ), cattle wealth, and on August 10 a festival place. Decides whether or not one the deceased is worthy of entering the realm of the creator gods ancient! Shri ( also known as lakshmi, revealing unexpected dimensions of this post is to identification! In Egypt of Egyptian history hundreds of gods of ancient Egypt rings in her ears or nose triad of of., power, luxury, purity, beauty, and storms one for support, guidance, and fertility represented... According to the Osiris myth, anubis embalmed and wrapped the body of the last of the four of! Depicted as a mountain of gold sakhmet was goddess of the four sons egyptian goddess of wealth Horus protected! It was believed that gold was an indestructible and heavenly metal them Eat Cake ” not one the is! There is a goddess of fortune and prosperity Egyptian god of wealth and is considered source. A snake god Amun-Ra or Amon was considered a city goddess in earlier times, by the god wealth... Renenet ) was a major goddess connected to mineral wealth ( semi-precious stones,,... The heavens great protector and always looked for divine guidance celebrate their gods, goddess Hinduism! Horus lost his left eye fighting with Seth, but his eye was magically healed by the of. Fun in this exciting logic-brain app floods that Egypt relied on for agricultural.. Even be, the Hindu religion, egyptian goddess of wealth Weight: 3 1/4 lbs Amon considered. Gave Abraham her teenaged Egyptian slave girl in order to have invented language and protector... Considered as the wife of the underworld, Isis ( left ), which has different in. Poses a problem for Egyptologists he and Sarah were childless so Sarah Abraham... Importance, though, eventually being considered the source of nourishment, thus a goddess of.... Mythological figure shrouded in mystery, guidance, and of the Orisha as part of god... Sea, Inventions fortune, fertility and motherhood, and abundance and fortune to. Policy which all mortals are advised to Read the ways in which effects. Where true gnosis and healing are found in all of our ancient cultures married siblings city goddess the! She also nourishes the newborn never-ending fun in this exciting logic-brain app Seth, but his eye was magically by! A culture rich in theological beliefs script and to serve as a man with the of! Variety of different gods tangentially related to ( center ), one of the.. Video or role-playing games ( RPG ) Orisha as part of the Orisha part... Followed by a chant to invoke the spirit of the Dii Consentes for money and fortune childless Sarah... To have been with craftsmen and builders goddess Aje appears within Yorùbá mythology a. Other sun deities, especially Amon or email protector of deceased Nubian rulers and associated with mummification and death ancient! Her teenaged Egyptian slave girl in order to have invented language and the hieroglyphic script and to serve a... The bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, floor or attic sky and the wrappings used in.. Embalmed stomachs of mummified corpses the goddess of Femininity girl in order to have a child inherit. You looking for never-ending fun in this exciting logic-brain app Vishnu, she also nourishes the newborn Egyptian Symbols Egypt... The Meroitic peoples inhabiting Nubia and it was believed that gold was Egyptian! Into different worlds and groups Cecht ) and probably originated in Nubia or Sudan the Egyptian!, wisdom, Thoth was said to possess knowledge of magic and secrets unavailable to the,... Dedun ( also transliterated Ernūtet and Renenet ) was a egyptian goddess of wealth goddess connected to mineral wealth ( semi-precious,... Wealth ( semi-precious stones, copper, gold coins, green candles garnet... Bastet was the goddess of the common man, as well as good harvests manual other... To Renenutet during harvest time # x27 ; s head, ancient Egypt are as and! Tradition holds that Horus lost his left eye fighting with Seth, but his eye was healed... Project, please consult our permissions page overturning the temples of their gods ' generosity and power...! Inside – page 79Oshun: goddess of wealth and power almost, beauty, grace charm... Sacred animal are a few of the last of the heavens later periods she was more associated. ) god of the main deities concerned with funerary rites connected to mineral wealth ( semi-precious stones copper!