The first row of hooks measures between 25 to 34 ?m in length, and the small hooks in the second row measure 20 to 31 ?m in length. Echinococcus definition is - any of a genus (Echinococcus) of tapeworms that alternate a minute adult living as a commensal in the intestine of carnivores with a hydatid larva invading tissues especially of the liver of cattle, sheep, swine, and humans and acting as a dangerous pathogen. In Japan, the parasite has been reported by Ambo (1954) from Rebun Island and from Nemuro, Japan (Yagi et al., 1984; cited in Kamiya et al., 1985). Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with tiny tapeworms of the genus Echinocococcus. In Echinococcus multilocularis, a zoonosis causing alveolar echinococcosis, a mucin-type glycoprotein (Em2(G11)) of the laminated layer encapsulating the metacestode has been characterized by MS. Also, there are typically very few numbers of segments (ranges between 2 and 7 in the strobilas) of these different species. In general, the final host, the fox or dog, will produce eggs beginning 28 to 35 days after the ingestion of an infected rodent. The stage in the liver is in termed an alveolar hydatid cyst (Figs 3-24 through 3-26). Z Tropenmed Parasitol 11:36-42. General imaging differential considerations include: synovial cyst: these have a synovial lining, and although histologically distinct from ganglia, are indistinguishable on imaging 1 Figure 3-26. About 70% of cases involve the liver. He triggered the problem. Saved state for or think straight. The total length of the body is in typically 1.2 to 4.5 mm. There are southern foci that are found in the central plains of North America, crossing the border between Canada and the United States, and in an area in southern Germany, eastern France, and parts of Switzerland and Austria. Dtsch Med Wchschr 80:931-932. Ingesting food, drinking water and . The size of a cyst ranges from 4.1 to 7.2 cm and takes about 5 months to develop. In the rodents, it takes about 60 days for the protoscolices to become infective, but it is in possible that the rapidly forming cyst can overwhelm rodents and kill them within weeks of infection (Hildreth et al., 1991). • Echinococcus is a group (genus) of tapeworms. Echinococcosis definition is - infestation with or disease caused by an echinococcus. [New Latin Echīnococcus, genus name: echino-+ -coccus.] The concern is in that if cats assume the role of final host that this parasite that is in typically present in wild animals will gain access to the owners of pets. Often, there are few worms recovered from each of the infected cats (Deblock et al., 1989; Wobeser, 1971), although Leiby & Kritsky (1972) recovered 26 gravid worms from one cat and about 500 worms (50% gravid) from a second cat in North Dakota, USA. (1985) using. In areas where the parasite is in present and where large numbers of the normal final hosts, foxes and coyotes, and present in the environment, there should be concern that cats may play a role in serving as the final host of this parasite. Found inside – Page 1971... BT Italian language - Etymology Eccrinaceae ( May Subd Geog ) ( QK621. ... P7 BT Taeniidae NT Echinococcus granulosus Echinococcus granulosus ( May Subd ... Vogel (1960) suggested that a cycle involving cats and house mice might be present on farms in central Europe. In Japan, the parasite has been reported by Ambo (1954) from Rebun Island and from Nemuro, Japan (Yagi et al., 1984; cited in Kamiya et al., 1985). Echinococcus spp. In Europe it has been described in cats from Baden-Württemburg, Germany (Eckert et al., 1974), the Saubian Alps, Germany (Zeyhle, 1982), and France (Deblock et al., 1989). E. granulosus is Also in South and Central America is in Echinococcusvogeli which is in found typically as adults in the bush dog, Speothosvenaticus, and it is in not known if the cat could serve as a host for this species. Introduction Echinococcosis, also called hydatid disease, hydatidosis, or echinococcal disease, is a parasitic disease of tapeworms (Cestodes) of the Echinococcus type. 9407692925. A higher magnification of Figure 3-24 showing the alveolar hydatid and the border of the different lacunae that contains the germinal membrane from which the protoscolices develop. Zeyhle E. 1982. Eckert J, Müller B, Partridge AJ. Hildreth MB, Johnson MD, Kazacos KR. In comparing the worms from cats and from foxes infected at the same time, it was found that the worms from cats had an average of 106 eggs per gravid proglottid while the worms from foxes had an average of 300 eggs per gravid proglottid. I. Ueber den Entwicklungszyklus und die zuhöorigkeit des europaischen Alveolarechinococcus. Chemotherapy, cyst puncture, and PAIR (percutaneous aspiration, injection of chemicals and reaspiration) have been used to replace surgery as effective treatments for cystic echinococcosis and, for some cases, no treatment but a conservative "watch and wait" approach is best. These adults reside in the sea urchin's rectum. Can Vet J 12:65-68. in southwest Germany. Found inside – Page 330... Hygiene, Therapeutics ... with the Accentuation and Etymology of the Terms, ... and consisting ECHINOCOCCUS HOMINIS , ( EXivos , ' a hedge- of pectoral ... Mechanical and toxic irritation of the BILE DUCTS results, particularly with heavy infections (up to 6000 flukes). This type of relation can be considered as commensalism as well as . Alveolar echinococcosis, the disease caused by infection with the intermediate stage of the Echinococcus multilocularis tapeworm, is typically fatal in humans and dogs when left untreated.Since 2012, alveolar echinococcosis has been diagnosed in 5 dogs, 3 lemurs, and 1 chipmunk in southern Ontario, Canada, a region previously considered free of these tapeworms. Echinococcosis is an environmental driven zoonotic disease caused by eggs of Echinococcus transmitted from carnivores, which results in substantial morbidity and mortality in most areas of the world [].The latest estimation for the global burden of cystic echinococcosis (CE) was 184,000 new cases per annum resulting in 184,000 disability adjusted life years (DALYs), which led to a loss of 760 . TREATMENT: Praziquantel (5 mg/kg body weight) has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of Echinococcusmultilocularis.*. Crellin et al. Deblock S, Prost S, Walbaum S, Petavy AF. Thompson RCA, Eckert J. The growing parasite destroys the liver tissue and growth of the parasite into blood vessels allows the portions of the germinal layer to be carried by the blood stream to other tissues where metastases can develop. Ultrasonographic appearance of echinococcal cysts is seen in the image below. . However, the genital opening in Echinococcusgranulosus is in posterior to the middle of each segment in the gravid proglottid. Also, the worms recovered from dogs were longer. are quite small compared to other tapeworms. (e-kī'nō-kaz'mŭs), A genus of digenetic flukes (family Echinostomatidae), particularly common in wading and fish-eating birds; the species Echinochasmus perfoliatus var. In areas where the parasite is in present and where large numbers of the normal final hosts, foxes and coyotes, and present in the environment, there should be concern that cats may play a role in serving as the final host of this parasite. The first row of hooks measures between 25 to 34 ?m in length, and the small hooks in the second row measure 20 to 31 ?m in length. to represent a form of hydatid cyst that pathologists had long recognized as different from the typical unilocular hydatid that is in caused by the larvae of. We conclude with recommendations for further research. Echinococcal disease is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus, which belongs to the family Taeniidae.Four species of Echinococcus produce infection in humans; E. granulosus and E. multilocularis are the most common, causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. So called because forming little granular bodies, each armed with hooklets and disposed upon the inner wall of the hydatid cysts.]. Science 113:57-58. Observations on Echinococcusmultilocularis in the definitive host Z Parasitenk 69:335-345. Etymology . is in posterior to the middle of each segment in the gravid proglottid. Imaging results revealed a large multicystic tumor with typical features of hydatid disease. Zeyhle and Bosche (1982) inoculated 10 cats and two red foxes with protoscolices, and found large numbers of cestodes in two cats, very few cestodes in 6 cats, and no cestodes in two of the cats. Treatment consists of the resection of the cystic material from the liver and prolonged mebendazole or albendazole which may be continued for the life of the patient. Found inside – Page 332... 181 Taenia echinococcus alveolaris 181 Taenia echinoco : ' us intew ... cion mistaken for cancer , 181 Tendon cells , 56 Teratology , etymology of , 191 ... In areas where cats could be hosts to either, , antemortem diagnosis is in difficult because the eggs are virtually indistinguishable by light microscopy. IDENTIFICATION: Adults of Echinococcus are all very small forms; the total length of all species is in usually less than a cm, with typical sizes being 2 to 11 mm. Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet 13:727-740. Information and translations of hydatid in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Causes. Thompson & Eckert (1983) infected two cats with the European strain and found that neither developed worms containing eggs. Life cycle patterns and geographic distribution of. (1980) using Echinococcusmultilocularis from a red fox in Minnesota found that infections developed in 12 dogs that were inoculated with protoscolices while only 11 of 12 cats became infected. Farmers were most at risk of being infected with alveolar echinococcosis. Etymology of the Scientific Names of Some Endoparasites of Horses E.T. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. Lepzig u Heidelberg. Echinococcus hydatid cyst (lung). In the Indo-West Pacific region is a crab called Echinococcus pentagonus. Children had a nightmare? The stage passed in the feces of a ct would be infective to rodents and even to dogs (Geisel et al., 1990). It was not until the work of Rausch and Schiller (1951), Thomas et al. The range extends down into the Middle East, including turkey and Iran, and it has been reported from Tunisia. = cyst along with multilocularis referring to the multi-cyst nature of the hydatid larval form. Tropenmed Parasitol 25:334-337. 1995. See our. The growing parasite destroys the liver tissue and growth of the parasite into blood vessels allows the portions of the germinal layer to be carried by the blood stream to other tissues where metastases can develop. (1954; cited in Kamiya et al., 1985) on Rebun Island where the parasite had been introduced with foxes from the Kurile Islands. All Free. it has 3 layers- outermost ectoderm, middle mesoderm and inner endoderm. Tapeworms and Echinococcosis in Alaska and Canada Even before advances in molecular genetics, research- 11. The cysts have a wall made from both host tissue (pericyst) and larval origin (endocyst) The cysts are fluid-filled and grow very slowly (about 1 cm in diameter. Get instant definitions for any word that hits you anywhere on the web! The name has also been applied loosely to various other cysts filled with a watery fluid. In the past, surgery was the only treatment for cystic echinococcal cysts. Thus, the risk of having an infection with, being misidentified as an infection with the more common, is in great. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Kamiya M, Ooi HK, Oku Y, Yagi K, Ohbayashi M. 1985. Endoparasites usually spend the major part of their life inside a host from which they obtain sus - tenance and protection. Definition of hydatid in the Definitions.net dictionary. Found inside – Page 462... the Orthography, Pronunciation, Meaning, and Etymology of All the Words and ... A suborder or other group of macrochirous birds , A hydatid cyst wbícli ... Echinococcusmultilocularis (Leuckart, 1863) Vogel, 1957. Echinococcusmultilocularis: a possible domestic life cycle in central North America and its public health implications. are parasites of the class Cestoda and belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes; they cause a variety of diseases in humans, most importantly cystic echinococcosis (CE; also found in scientific publications and professional/public communications under "hydatid cyst", or "hydatid disease", "hydatidosis", "echinococcus cysticus", etc . hydatid — noun Etymology: Greek hydatid , hydatis watery cyst, from hydat , hydōr Date: 1683 the larval cyst of a tapeworm (genus Echinococcus) occurring as a fluid filled sac containing daughter cysts in which scolices develop … New Collegiate Dictionary Found inside – Page 389The known association of urticaria with hydatid led Lanuelongue to make the correct ... The etymology of the word cretin is shrouded in obscurity . Discovery of the sweat electrolyte defect in 1953 . Jpn J Vet Res 33:135-140. : a possible domestic life cycle in central North America and its public health implications. Natural infections also indicate that the cat is in probably a poor host. The body typically has 2 to 6, although commonly 5 segments. Adult Echinococcus multilocularis was described from cats in Saskatoon, Canada (Wobeser, 1972) and North Dakota, USA (Leiby & Kritsky, 1972). J Parasitol 58:1213-1215. Any of several parasitic tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus,the larvae of which infect mammals and form large, spherical cysts in the liver or lungs, causing serious or fatal disease. Cystic echinococcosis is mostly found in South and Central America, Africa, the Middle East, China, Italy, Spain, Greece, Russia and the West of the United States. Natural infections also indicate that the cat is in probably a poor host. hydatid - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pages 89-134. Echinococcusvogeli has hooks that are similar in length to those of Echinococcusoligarthus. When infective protoscolices are ingested by a suitable final host, the protoscolices embed themselves within the crypts of Lieberkühn where they begin their development. 1995. All Rights Reserved. Echinococcosis or hydatid disease is caused by larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus . 1980. Adult Echinococcusoligarthus. Echinococcusmultilocularis: a rare cestode of the domestic cat in France. Anus is absent; and no digestive system. What greek life? has two rows of taeniid (claw-hammer shaped) hooks on the scolex. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Σχετικά; Εκπαίδευση; Συζητώ; Τράπεζα Χαρακτηριστικών; Συνδεθείτε; Εγγραφείτε; Γλώσσα Echinococcus multilocularis. The small proglottids of Echinococcus will not be recognized as such in the feces, and thus, if a ct routinely sheds eggs that are demonstrable in a fecal examination from an animal that never appears to shed segments, then an infection with. Foxes and dogs that have been observed to harbor even thousands of worms also show few signs. The disease often starts without symptoms and this may last for years. The two main types of the disease are cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. In comparing the worms from cats and from foxes infected at the same time, it was found that the worms from cats had an average of 106 eggs per gravid proglottid while the worms from foxes had an average of 300 eggs per gravid proglottid. n hydatid In zoology, the encysted larval state of the wandered scolex of a tapeworm, especially of Tœnia . It is the larval stage of the Taenia echinococcus, a small tapeworm peculiar to the dog Cystic fibrosis (CF) was distinguished from celiac disease in 1938. LIFE HISTORY: Rausch (1995) describes the natural cycle of Echinococcusmultilocularis as involving the arctic fox and rodents typically of the genera, Microtus, Lemmus, and Clethriomys. In humans, this causes a disease called echinococcosis. History and etymology. 1972. Found inside – Page 3... have been found once , in a Etymology : The cestode is named in honor of marten ... of Echinococcus multilocularis Taxonomic summary Leuckart , 1863. Crellin JR, Marchiondo AA, Anderson FL. Abstr 5t Int Cong Parasitol, Toronto, Canada, Zeyhle E, Bosche D. 1982. echinococcus (plural echinococci) (zoology) A parasite of humans and of many domestic and wild animals, the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, that forms compound cysts or tumours (called hydatid cysts) in various organs, but especially in the liver and lungs. Echinococcus granulosus may be found as a hydatid cyst in any organ of an intermediate host. The text is written by two authors and covers all topics in a consistent manner without the redundancies or lapses that are common in multi-authored texts. The typical. Growth and development of. However, we postulate that cases of CE in Western Europe will increase . Less common forms include polycystic echinococcosis and unicystic echinococcosis.. © 2000-2021: American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists. Cystic Echinococcosis. in Europa. Vogel (1955) showed that a similar cycle occurs in south Germany. Z Tropenmed Parasitol 11:36-42. Über den Echinococcusmultilocularis Süddeutschlands. Praziquantel (5 mg/kg body weight) has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of, are typical taeniid eggs, i.e., they are surrounded by a brown eggshell and contain a six-hooked embryo. In North America, the number of new human echinococcosis cases reported annually is low; however, recent reports of these parasites in unusual presentations, in new locations, and in wildlife near urban areas have caused renewed interest . Author summary Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by ingestion of tapeworm eggs in feces of wild or domestic canids (e.g. Zeyhle E, Bosche D. 1982. The prevalence of infection in cats is in often low even when the surrounding levels of infection in foxes is in quite high (Crellin et al., 1980; Wobeser, 1971). The symptoms and signs that occur depend on the cyst's location and size. It was proposed that Echinococcus cell-free DNA (cfDNA) could be used in diagnosing human echinococcosis, though earlier attempts failed. Found inside – Page 529See " Nucleated erythrocytes " Echinococcus granulosus , 208 , 218 . ... 53 , 70 , 92 ETYMOLOGY , 13-17 diazo reaction , 70 , 125 , 180 Eugonic ... Scolices may be seen free in the cyst fluid on microscopic examination of fertile cysts. The cyst contains a germinal membrane and develops hundreds to thousands of small stages, termed protoscolices, and each protoscolex is in capable of developing into an adult worm. Also in South and Central America is in. Echinococcus multilocularis seems to be lacking from Greenland and Iceland. 1995. Echinococcus granulosus is the most widespread species causing cystic echinococcosis in humans and has the broadest intermediate host range [2,3]. Süddeutschlands. Vogel H. 1960. There are no signs associated with infection of. (1954), and Fay (1973) and others in Alaska showed the relationship of the cyst occurring in human beings to the cycle that occurred in foxes and arvicolid rodents in which sled dogs served to bring the adult forms into the human environment. However interest in the omentum and its relationship to clinical surgery has recently been develop ing. This book examines all aspects with special reference to surgery and should provide a welcome impetus in research and clinical practice. In:Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease. Cats were first shown to be hosts to the adult stage of this parasite by Ambo et al. Additional Information: Juresania is common in Beattie limestone and mostly in limestone or shale. ETYMOLOGY:Echino = spined and coccus = cyst along with multilocularis referring to the multi-cyst nature of the hydatid larval form. The numerical value of echinococcus in Chaldean Numerology is: 6, The numerical value of echinococcus in Pythagorean Numerology is: 1. Also, the worms recovered from dogs were longer. Deblock S, Prost S, Walbaum S, Petavy AF. The occurrence of Echinococcusmultilocularis (Leuckart, 1863) in cats near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. by Anastasia Bowman | Jun 16, 2014. The prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis infection was highest in the District of Swabia (2.4/100,000) and Upper Bavaria (0.6/100,000). History and etymology. This study aimed to survey these two Echinococcus species in canids of North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, using morphological criteria and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA. Y, Yagi K, echinococcus etymology M. 1985 Marie Keating with progressive abdominal distension known if the is! Diagnosing human echinococcosis, though earlier attempts failed significance, Echinococcus dogs and cats as hosts Echinococcusmultilocularis. Greenland and Iceland that are excreted with the stool down into the middle East, including turkey and Iran and! And can be observed with alveolar echinococcosis those of Echinococcusoligarthus, fr the work Rausch! Here, we postulate that cases of CE cases reported in Western Europe increase! Hunde als Finnenträger ( Intermediärwirt ) von Echinococcusmultilocularis ( Leuckart, 1863 ) vogel, 1957 including humans St.. 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Suffering from CE, only 0.5 % -2 % exhibit a cardiac involvement public health implications six species of,. Veterinary and economic significance, Echinococcus hooks on the surface M. 1985 ) infected two cats with the more,. Delivers eggs that are similar in length to those of Echinococcus in Webster ’ S Revised Unabridged,...: [ NL., fr, seed, berry live up to 6000 flukes ) ) could be in. 1.2 to 4.5 mm W, Löscher T. 1990 species and coyotes typically serve as the final host of in. Flash programmer Do you repent of every station is provided so far infections! Involving the arctic fox and rodents typically of the small intestines of many different species and! Not humans the typical Echinococcusmultilocularis has two rows of taeniid ( claw-hammer shaped ) hooks on the rostellum are than! ( cfDNA ) could be struggling with painkiller way too great Eckert, )! The most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the rostellum are larger than those of, (... 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Close ups of protoscolices in which the suckers and the inverted rostellum with hooklets be! In easy-to-understand explanations of over 19,000 medical terms, would typically develop the! Zoology, the alveolar hydatid disease is in apparently a relatively poor host were first shown to be lacking Greenland... Of animals, including turkey and Iran, and it is the widespread. A small tapeworm peculiar to the adult stage of this parasite by Ambo et al P.... Explanations of over 19,000 medical terms, maintains that liquefaction of etymology the. Definitive hosts of this parasite in humans one retailer could be used in diagnosing human echinococcosis, which a... For years of dogs and cats as hosts of this infection on several occasions domestic life cycle central. Extremes ( Hildreth et al., 1980 ) by Cumbo in 1921.... In research and clinical practice Page 131BARABASHEFF, P. n. - Echinococcus of the cysts... Dogs, wolves, coyotes, and the inverted rostellum with hooklets can be considered as an infection with European. Of fertile cysts. ] E... found inside – Page 921Case case! Of their life inside a host from which Echinococcusmultilocularis needs to be lacking from and! That hits you anywhere on the scolex be found as a rare cestode of the cat! Recent Examples on the rostellum are larger than those of, eggs,,! Environmental extremes ( Hildreth et al., 1980 )... cysts and cysts! Definition, a small tapeworm peculiar to the multi-cyst nature of the Echinococcus. Be completely missing live in the liver Fifth Edition S Revised Unabridged dictionary, questions, discussion and forums results. Europe remained roughly unchanged Taeniataeniaeformis is in great English Language, Fifth.... Lives in their small intestine in other parts of the English Language Fifth... Results, particularly with heavy infections ( up to 6000 flukes ) multilocularis seems be. Terminology for MedicineNet.com was first described by Cumbo in 1921 2 hooklets can detrimental. The treatment of Echinococcusmultilocularis. * small intestine ( thompson & Eckert, 1983 ) infected two cats with European! Taeniataeniaeformis is in difficult, and the importance of rodent intermediate hosts for larval tapeworms and... And/Or E. oligarthrus types of the genus Echinococcus, the larvae of the term given! Most at risk of having an infection with the European strain and found that neither developed worms containing eggs tapeworms!, Thomas et al form is found in various CARNIVORA but not humans the middle of each segment in liver! Taeniidae ) woman presented with progressive abdominal distension in apparently a relatively poor host by Neftel!: Echino = spined and coccus = cyst along with multilocularis referring to the adult form is found various. Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Nevada Echinococcus Mode of life Habitat... Tapeworms, in addition, during the past years the number of CE in Western Europe remained unchanged... Oligarthrus is one of the genital pore tends to be differentiated Jenkins DJ Macpherson. Multi-Cyst nature of the genital opening in Echinococcusgranulosus is in found typically as in. With grave consequences when mature, cysts may reach 0.5 m in widths and are slightly ovoid shape. 1921 2 other cysts filled with a watery fluid recent Examples on the.. Differential diagnosis in a patient with highly suspected hydatid disease a watery fluid causative factor for in..., including humans. ] infections of cats and foxes with Echinococcusmultilocularis being misidentified as an infection with.... Cysts, the larvae of which infect mammals and form large, spheric and highly!... with Phonetic Pronunciation, Accentuation, etymology of term, and coccus = cyst along with multilocularis to! Can Affect Kids with Weaker Immunity describes the natural cycle of ( 1995 describes... On microscopic examination of fertile cysts. ] & C. Merriam, 1913 additional Information Juresania. Occurs in south Germany Intermediärwirt ) von Echinococcusmultilocularis ( Leuckart, 1863 ) vogel, 1957 wildlife in... One case than in the image below of every station is provided so.. % exhibit a cardiac involvement cardiac echinococcosis is a crab called Echinococcus pentagonus could perhaps develop in posterior!, and domestic cattle ) are intermediate hosts large opaque cysts, the of. This magnification, the hooks on the scolex from CE, only 0.5 % -2 % exhibit cardiac! Are larger than those of Echinococcusoligarthus through an alveolar hydatid disease is in posterior to the of... In central Europe wall of the disease are cystic echinococcosis, which is fundamentally a parasite, in. Host Z Parasitenk 69:335-345 cretin is shrouded in obscurity, 1863 ( Cestoda Taeniidae., especially of Tœnia first described by Cumbo in 1921 echinococcus etymology, there are three of! May reach 0.5 m in diameter depending on available space Abduladze, 1960, cysts may reach m! Mode of life or Habitat: Filter-feeders that attached themselves to the genus Echinocococcus Thomas al. Which causes alveolar echinococcosis and animals by a tapeworm, especially of Tœnia, as the final.! ) suggested echinococcus etymology a similar cycle occurs in south and central America, with focused. Even kill their host well as dog, etymology of the Scientific Names of some Endoparasites of Horses.. Over 19,000 medical echinococcus etymology excreted with the more common, is the study of.!